17.2 Mkpebi qualitative nke starch na polymers soluble mmiri
17.2.1 Ụkpụrụ
17.2.1.1 Ebumnuche nke ule a bụ iji chọpụta ọnụnọ nke starch ma ọ bụ starch sitere na powdered ma ọ bụ granular mmiri-soluble polymers dị ka PAC-LV.
17.2.1.2.Nchọpụta ngwọta PAC-LV site na ịgbakwunye ihe ngwọta ịnweta/iodide*
Ọ bụrụ na amylose dị, a na-eme ya ka ọ bụrụ mgbagwoju anya.
17.2.2 Reagents na ihe
a) Mmiri a na-agbapụta ma ọ bụ nke a na-ekpochapụ
b) Ngwọta nitrate, dịka Merck 1.09.089.1000 (CAS No. 7553-56-2) 7) 0.05.
c) Potassium iodide 1 Merck 1.0504 3.0250 PA (CAS No. 7681-11-0
d) Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) (CAS No. 1310-73-2): ngwọta dilute, 0.1% -0.5%.
17.2.3 Ngwa
17.2.3.1 Stirrer 1ta Model 98 Multi-shaft Stirrers nke nwere 9B29X impeller ma ọ bụ agụba dakọtara na otu.
sinusoidal waveform,dayameta agụba ihe ruru.25 mm (lin, ọkpọ ọkpọ ihu elu).
17.2.3.2 The agitation cup nwere ihe ruru 180 mm (7.1 in) miri, 97 mm (3-5/6 na) dayameta nke
elu ọnụ,na 70 mm (2.75 in) dayameta nke ala ala (dịka M110-D ụdị Hamilton Beachiko iko
ma ọ bụ ihe dakọtara).(A nwekwara ike iji iko 600 ml mee ihe dochie anya.)
17.2.3.3 Laboratory spoons.
17.2.3.4 Scraper.
17.2.3.5 nha nha: izi ezi bụ 0.01 g.
17.2.3.6 Volumetric flasks 100ml
17.2.3.7 Pasteur pipettes ma ọ bụ dropper rọba.
17.2.3.8 Ngụ oge: Mechanical ma ọ bụ eletrọnịkị, izi ezi 0.1 min.17.2.3.9 pH mita na pH electrodes:
Dịka Thermo Russell ụdị KDCW1 19)
17.2.3.10 Polymeric nri ngwaọrụ (dịka Fann 10) ma ọ bụ 0Fl ụdị 11))
17.2.3.11 Test tubes.
17.2.4 Usoro - Nkwadebe nke Iodine/Potassium Iodide Ngwọta
17.2.4.1 Tinye 10 μl ± 0.1 ml nke 0.05 mol / l ayodiin ngwọta na 100 ml ± 0.1 ml volumetric flask.
17.2.4.2 Tinye 0,60 g±..01 g Potassium iodide (KI), jiri nwayọ maa jijiji ka ọ gbazee ya.
17.2.4.3 Tinye deionized mmiri na 100 ml akara na mix ọma.Dekọọ ụbọchị nkwadebe.
17.2.4.4 A na-echekwa ihe ngwọta ayodiin/iodide emepụtara n'ime akpa mechiri emechi ma chekwaa ya n'ebe gbara ọchịchịrị, dị jụụ na nke kpọrọ nkụ.
Ụbọchị njedebe bụ ihe ruru ọnwa atọ ma ekwesịrị ịhapụ ya ma megharịa ya.
17.2.5 Usoro - Nkwadebe ngwọta PAC-LV na nchọpụta starch
17.2.5.1 Kwadebe 596 aqueous ngwọta nke PAC-LV ga-anwale.
Tinye 380 g ± 0.1 g nke mmiri deionized na iko agwakọta, tinye 2 g ± 0.1 g nke PAC-LV n'otu ọsọ.
mgbe ị na-akpali na stirrer,na oge mgbakwunye kwesịrị ịga n'ihu maka 60 s ruo 120 s.
A ga-agbakwunye ihe nlele ahụ na ọgba aghara na iko ngwakọta, ma zere mkpali mkpali iji belata uzuzu.
Ọ ka mma iji ngwaọrụ chaja polymer na 17.2.3.10.
17.2.5.2 Mgbe edemede maka 5 min ± 0.1 min, wepụ iko mkpali na onye na-akpali akpali ma kpochapụ PAC-LV niile rapaara.
mgbidi iko na spatula.All PAC-LVs rapaara na scraper ka agwakọtara na ngwọta.
17.2.5.3 tụọ pH nke ngwọta.Ọ bụrụ na pH dị ala karịa 10, tinye ihe ngwọta nke NaOH dropwise.
Welite pH na 10
17.2.5.4.Weghachite iko na-akpali akpali na onye na-akpali akpali ma gaa n'ihu na-akpali.Ngụkọta oge mkpali kwesịrị ịbụ 20 min ± 1 Min.
17.2.5.5 Tinye 2 ml nke ihe nlele n'ime tube ule wee gbakwunye dropwise 3 tụlee nke iodine/iodide ngwọta,
ruo 30 tụlee.
17.2.5.6 Kwadebe nyocha atọ efu na mmiri deionized.Tinye 3 tụlee, 9 tụlee, 30 tụlee nke iodine/iodide ngwọta na
tubes maka ule ntụnyere.
17.2.5.7 Mgbe ịgbakwunye 3 tụlee nke ngwọta n'oge ọ bụla, jiri nwayọọ na-akwagharị tube iji tụnyere agba nke ihe ngwọta.
ya na ule efu.Ekwesịrị ịme ntụnyere nke agba megide ndabere ọcha.
17.2.6 Mkpebi - Nchọpụta Starch PAC-LV
17.2.6.1 Ọ bụrụ na ngwọta nlele nke a ga-anwale gosipụtara otu agba odo dị ka ule oghere, ihe nlele ahụ adịghị
nwere ihe ọ bụla starch ma ọ bụ starch mmepụta.
17.2.6.2 Ọ bụrụ na agba ọ bụla ọzọ dị, a na-egosi nke ọma na e nwere starch ma ọ bụ starch.
17.2.6.3 Ọ bụrụ na agba yiri ka ọ ga-apụ ngwa ngwa, na-egosi ọnụnọ nke onye na-ebelata ihe, na nke a,
nọgide na-agbakwunye dropwise iodine / iodide Solution, agba ntụnyere na otu n'ime oghere ule, lee 17.2.61.
17.2.6.4 Ọ bụrụ na achọpụtara mmeghachi omume agba ọ bụla dị iche na 17.2.6.1, ọ dịghị mkpa ịga n'ihu na ule ọzọ.
17.3 Mmiri
17.3.1 Ngwa 17.3.1.1 oven: A na-achịkwa na 105 ° C± 3 ° C (220± 5>.
17.3.1.2 nha nha: izi ezi nke 0.01 g.
17.3.1.3 efere evaporation: ike 150 ml.
17.3.1.4 Scraper.
17.3.1.5 Desiccator: Nwere desiccant (CAS No. 7778-18-9) desiccant, ma ọ bụ ihe dakọtara
17.3.2 Usoro ule
17.3.2.1 Tụnyere 10 g ± 0.1 g PAC-LV sample na-atụ N'ime efere evaporating, dekọọ sample uka m.
17.3.2.2 Ghichaa ihe nlele na oven maka awa 4
17.3.2.3 Mee ka ihe nlele ahụ dị jụụ n'ebe a na-ehicha ihe n'ime ụlọ.
PAC-LV a mịrị amị, dekọọ ihe nlele akọrọ m2.
17.3.3 Mgbakọ
17.4 Mfu mmiri
17.4.1 Reagents na ihe
17.4.1.1 nnu mmiri: Nyochaa ala dịka ASTM D 1141-98 (2003) 12
17.4.1.2 API ọkọlọtọ.
17.4.1.3 Potassium chloride (CAS No. 7447-40-7)
17.4.1.4 Sodium Bicarbonate (CAS No. 144-55-8).
17.4.1.5 Deionized ma ọ bụ distilled mmiri.
17.4.2 Ngwa
17.4.2.1 Thermometer: Oke nha bụ 0 °C ~ 60C, nkenke bụ 0.5 °C
(oke nha bụ 32 °F ~ 140 °F, nkenke bụ 1.0 °F)
17.4.2.2 Ntụle: Nkenkenke bụ 0.01g.
17.4.2.3 Stirrer: Ọ bụrụ na ụdị 9B multi-shaft stirrer nwere 9B20x impeller,a ga-etinye ogwe osisi ahụa
otuagụba ebili mmiri nke nwere dayameta agụba nke ihe dịka 25 mm (1 in) nwere ihu nwere akara elu.
17.4.2.4 The agitation cup nwere ihe ruru 180 mm (7.1 in) miri, 97 mm (3-5/6 na) dayameta nke
elu ọnụ,na 70 mm (2.75 na) dayameta nke ala isi (eg M110-D ụdị Hamilton Beach edemede iko).
17.4.2.5 scraper.
17.4.2.6 Akpa: Glass ma ọ bụ plastik, nke nwere ihe nkwụsị ma ọ bụ mkpuchi, eji mmiri nnu.
17.4.2.7 Viscometers: Eletriki, ọgụgụ ozugbo, dabere na ISO 10414-1
17.4.2.8 Ngụ oge: Abụọ, igwe ma ọ bụ eletrọnịkị, na nkenke nke 0.1 min maka oge a tụrụ na ule a.
17.4.2.9 Ngwa nzacha: Obere okpomọkụ na ụdị nrụgide, dị ka ndokwa nke Isi nke 7 nke
ISO 10414-1: 2008.
17.4.2.10 Ịtụ cylinders: Abụọ, nwere ikike nke 10 ml ± 0.1 ml na 500 ml ± 5 ml *
17.4.2.11 Ngwaọrụ nri polymer (ụdị Fann ma ọ bụ ụdị OFI).
17.4.3 Usoro nnwale - PAC-LV Mfu mmiri mmiri
17.4.3.1 Tinye 42 g ± 0.01 g nke nnu mmiri na 11 ± 2 ml nke mmiri deionized.
17.4.3.2 Na 358 g nke mmiri nnu ngwọta, tinye 35.0 g ± 0.01 g nke potassium chloride (KCl).
17.4.3.3 Mgbe edemede maka 3 min ± 0.1 min, tinye 1.0 g ± 0.01 g nke sodium bicarbonate.
17.4.3.4 Mgbe edemede maka 3 min ± 0.1 min, tinye 28.0 g± 0.01 g API ọkọlọtọ iji nyochaa
17.4.3.5 Mgbe emechara maka 5 min ± 0.1 min, wepụ iko na-akpali akpali site na onye na-eme ihe na-ekpo ọkụ ma kpochaa ya na mgbidi na ihe nkedo.
Ụkpụrụ API niile na-enyocha ala.Ala niile ọkọlọtọ API rapaara na scraper n'ime nkwusioru ahụ.
17.4.3.6 Weghachite iko na-akpali akpali na onye na-akpali akpali ma nọgide na-akpali 5 min ± 0.1 min.
17.4.3.7 Arọ 2.0 g±0.01 g PAC-L.
17.4.3.8 Ji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-akpali na stirrer, tinye PAC-LV na a edo ọnụego.
Oge mgbakwunye kwesịrị ịdị ihe dịka 60 sekọnd.Ekwesịrị ịgbakwunye PAC-LV na vortex na iko agwakọta
ma zere ogwe na-akpali akpali iji belata uzuzu.Ọ kacha mma iji ngwaọrụ nri polymer na 17.4.2.11.
17.4.3.9 Mgbe edemede maka 5 min ± 0.1 min, wepụ iko mkpali na onye na-akpali akpali ma jiri spatula kpochapụ ihe niile.
PAC-L rapaara na mgbidi iko.PAC-LV niile rapaara na scraper ka agwakọtara na nkwusioru ahụ.
17.4.3.10 Weghachite ite ahụ na onye na-akpali akpali ma nọgide na-akpali.Ọ bụrụ na ọ dị mkpa, mgbe nkeji 5 na nkeji 10 gasịrị, wepụ mkpali ahụ
iko si na ihe mkpali wee kpochapu PAC-L niile rapaara na mgbidi iko.Ngụkọta oge mkpali site na
mmalite nke mgbakwunye PAC-LV kwesịrị ịbụ 20 min ± 1 min.
17.4.3.11 Na 25 °C ± 1 °C (77 °F ± 2 °F),debe nkwusioru n'ime akpa mechiri emechi ma ọ bụ mkpuchi maka awa 16 ± 0,5 h.
Dekọọ okpomọkụ ọgwụgwọ na oge ọgwụgwọ.
17.4.3.12 Mgbe ọgwụgwọ gasịrị, kpalie nkwusioru na onye na-akpali akpali maka 5 min ± 0.1 min.
17.4.3.13 Wunye nkwusioru PAC-LV n'ime iko nzacha.Tupu itinye n'ime nkwusioru ahụ,gbaa mbọ hụ naniileakụkụ
nke iko nzacha akọrọ na mgbanaka akara adịghị emebi ma ọ bụ eyi.Okpomọkụ nke nkwusioru kwesịrị ịbụ
25°C±1°C (77°F±2).N'ime 13 mm (0.5 in) site n'elu iko.Gwakọta iko nzacha, tinye iko nzacha na
onye na-ejide ya, mechie valvụ enyemaka nrụgide, ma tinye akpa n'okpuru tube drain.
17.4.3.14 Tọọ ngụ oge ka ọ bụrụ 7.5 min na nke ọzọ ka 30 min.N'otu oge malite ngụ oge abụọ ma dozie nrụgide iko na
690 kPa ± 35 kPa (100 psi ± 5 psi).Ekwesịrị inye nrụgide ahụ site na ikuku abịakọrọ, nitrogen ma ọ bụ helium.
Ekwesịrị imecha ya n'ime sekọnd iri na ise.
17.4.3.15 na mbụ Na njedebe nke oge naanị, wepụ akpa ahụ ma wepụ ihe ọ bụla mmiri mmiri na-arapara na drain na
tụfuo ya.A na-etinye cylinder akọrọ nke 10 ml nke gụchara n'okpuru drain na a na-anakọta filtrate ruo nke abụọ
ngụ oge kubie ume.Wepu cylinder ma dekọọ olu nke filtrate anakọtara.
17.4.4 Ngụkọta - Mfu nke PAC-LV A na-agbakọ ọnụọgụ V a filtrated dị ka nhata (43) na ml;
v-2xVe (43) ebe: 1⁄2_ olu filtrate anakọtara n'etiti 7.5 min na 30 min.Unit bụ ml.
17.5 Viscosity nke Ngwọta pụtara
17.5.1 Usoro ule - Viscosity pụtara ìhè nke ngwọta
17.5.1.1 Tinye 42 g ± 0.01 g nke nnu mmiri na 11 ± 2 ml nke mmiri deionized.
17.5.1.2 Na 358 g nke mmiri nnu ngwọta, tinye 35.0 g ± 0.01 g nke potassium chloride (KCl).
17.5.1.3 Ibu 5.0 g ± 0.01 g PAC-Lv.Nwayọọ nwayọọ ka ị na-akpali akpali na onye na-akpali akpali, tinye PAC-LV na ọnụego otu.
Oge mgbakwunye kwesịrị ịdị ihe dịka 1 nkeji.Ekwesịrị ịgbakwunye PAC-LV na vortex na iko agwakọta
ma zere ogwe na-akpali akpali iji belata uzuzu.
17.5.1.4 Mgbe edemede maka 5 min ± 0.1 min, wepụ iko na-akpali akpali site na onye na-akpali akpali, kpochapụ PACw niile rapaara na mgbidi iko.
ya na spatula, ma gwakọta PAC-LV niile rapaara na spatula na nkwusioru.
17.5.1.5 Weghachite ite ahụ na igwekota ma nọgide na-akpali.Ọ bụrụ na ọ dị mkpa, wepụ iko ihe na-akpali akpali na igwekota mgbe e mesịrị
5 min na 10 min, kpochapu PAC-W niile rapaara na mgbidi iko.Mkpokọta edemede oge site na mmalite nke mgbakwunye nke
PAC-LV kwesịrị ịbụ 20 min ± 1 min.
17.5.1.6 Na 25 °C ± 1 °C (777 ± 27), kwụsịtụ nkwusioru maka 16 h ± 0.5 h na igbe mechiri emechi ma ọ bụ mkpuchi.
Dekọọ okpomọkụ ọgwụgwọ na oge ọgwụgwọ"
17.5.1.7 kpalite nkwusioru na onye na-akpali akpali maka 5 min ± 0.1 min.
17.7.5.1.8 Wunye ngwọta n'ime iko iko kwadebere na viscometer na-agụ kpọmkwem" na 25 °C ± 1 Celsius C (77 N'okpuru)
ọnọdụ Celsius F ± 2), a na-agụ nkwusioru ahụ na 600 r / min.
17.5.2 Mgbakọ - viscosity pụtara ìhè nke ngwọta
Gbakọọ viscosity pụtara ìhè dị ka usoro (44), na mPas:
VA=R600/2 (44)
Ọgụgụ R600-viscometer na 600 r / min.Dekọọ nsonaazụ nke ngụkọta oge
Oge nzipu: Nov-12-2020